Managerial Roles

In the late 1960's, Henry Mintzberg made a research regarding the managerial role. According to him managers perform to different but interrelated roles which is consists of major 3 categories.

Manager's job is not a simple one but a complex one. Many factors of the environment have affect on the performance or working of the organization. Managers play the major and vital role to control the affect of these factors. These steps taken by the managers are called managerial role.

(A) Interpersonal Role:
1- Figure Head:
Under figurehead's role, the manager performs a number of routine duties which are described as under.
i- Legal Nature Duties:
It includes signing the legal documents of important nature. For the purpose of evidence there is need of signatures. For making the contracts e.g contract of sale, purchase etc we are needed to sign the contract.
ii- Social Nature Duties:
It means to greet and welcome the visitors.
2) Leader:
One who has the ability & authority to influence others is called leader. The manager is responsible for giving directions to employees, resolving their conflicts, giving training to the sub-ordinates, staffing and selecting the most effective channel of communication and all other activities relating to his sub-ordinates (employees)
3) Liaison:
He is responsible to maintain self developed network of contacts and informer. In other words, he maintains the contacts and relations with others. He is a co-operation on informer who contacts others through self-developed network.

B) Informational Roles:
Informational means the something which has some meanings for us. The managerial roles regarding collection and transmission of information is called informational role which is described as under.
1- Monitor:
He matches the organization with environment. He collects and receives the special information of wide variety through reading periodicals and reports, survey and by his personal contacts for through understanding of organization and environment. There is need to maintain the information about customers, Govt policies, supplies competitors, market forces globalization etc.
He acts as nerve center of internal and external information about the organization.
2) Disseminator:
The manager who receives information from outside through holding informational meetings and by phone calls and transmits it to the organization's members e.g information about modern technology. Some of the information is factual, some involves in interpretation and integration of diverse value positions of organizational influences.
3) Spokesperson:
The manager who provides the information to outsides on the behalf of organization through media and holding board meeting is called spokespersons. He provides the information like plans, policies, actions and results of organization.

C) Decisional  Role:
The choose among the alternatives is called decision. The decision making is necessary for the solution of problems. In ordinary life we make many decisions. likewise, The managers have also to play following decisional roles.
1- Entrepreneur:
The manager searches organization and its environment. He finds the opportunities and also avails them and brings improvements in organization's projects. He formulates strategies and plans e.g. decisions for price etc. He also allocates the factors of production.
2- Resource Allocator:
A manager also makes decisions for allocations of resources in all departments e.g. in production department, selling and purchasing department etc. He makes budgets about these allocations keeping in view the income & expenses. He also decides about the sub-ordinates according to these absolutes. He is responsible to allocate the resources at correct time.
3- Disturbance Handler: 
This manager is responsible for taking the corrective actions when organization faces important disturbances. he organizes the strategies through review sessions for the solution of crisis and disturbance.
4- Negotiator:
He is responsible for representing the organization at major negotiation such as participation in union contract negotiations or negotiations about contracts with the suppliers.

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Define Organization, Explain Organization level.

Definition: 

"The systematical arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose is called Organization".

Elements of Definition:

1- Systematical Structure:

It means that there are some rules and regulations of organizations, which limit the responsibilities of the members.

2- People / Members:

Organization are composed of people which are called members. Following are the two categories of members.

i- Managers:

The people who give the directions to others and are directly responsible for their work are called manager.

ii- Operations:

The members who perform their assigned task. They are only responsible for their own work.

3- Distinct Purpose:

Each organization has its own goals or set of goals. Goals mean the desired objectives or outcomes. These vary firms organization to organization.




Hierarchy Level 

In an organization, all the people are not managers, Some have to manage the activities and some are required to perform these activities. In the same way, all the managers don't posses equal managerial authorities, but these is a proper system of the powers and obligations for managers & operatives which is called Organizational level or Hierarchy Level. It is discussed in detail as follows.

1- Top Managers:

These managers are responsible for making decisions about the direction of organization and they establish policies that effect all the organizational members. Normally, their titles are vice-president, president, chancellor, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executives officers and chairperson of the boards.

2- Middle Managers:

The persons who communicate the goals set by top managers to the first line managers are known as middle managers. The middle managers translate and brief the goals. Their titles are division managers, project managers and plant managers, dean or agency lead etc.

3-First Line Managers:

The managers who are responsible for directing the day to day work of employees are called first line managers. They oversee the work of operatives in each department. Their title are supervisor, foreman etc.

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What is Management and what are the functions of management?

As the student of management studies, I want to write something about the management. In this post I'll try to define Management and what are the functions of management.

I define management as “The process of getting activities and also accomplish desire goals efficiently and effectively with and through other people”

  Elements of Definition

The above definition contains following prominent elements.

1-      Management Process.

Its means the planning, organizing, leading and controlling. These are also known as function of management.

2-      Efficiency.

Efficiency means the proper utilization of resources.

3-      Effectiveness.

Accomplish of goals within a set time period is called effectiveness. It is also means doing the right things in right time

Functions of Management 

In the early years of 20^th Century, a French Industrialist Henri Foyal wrote that all managers perform five management activities. They plan, organize, command, co-ordinates and control. In the Mid 1950’s, two professors at UCLA, H Koontz & C O Donnell used the terms Planning, organizing, staffing , directing, and controlling in a textbook of management.

But now days there are four basic functions which are

1-      Planning  
2-      Organizing
3-      Leading
4-      Controlling

1-    Planning

This function of management includes (1) Defining goals of organization, (2) Establishing the overall strategy for achieving the defined goals, (3) Developing plans and sub plans for co-ordination of activities. 

i-Defining Goals

Before Start any work we Set our goals and also set our destinations. Like wise, if the goals and destination of the organization are not clear then proper work and struggle is not possible.

ii-Establishing the overall strategy

Strategy is a long term planning. By the Help of strategies we can easily achieve our goals.

iii-Developing plans

By developing plans & sub plans, the activities are integrated and co-ordinate. It helps us in achievement of our goals.

2-    Organizing.

Designing the structure of organization is called organizing. It involves the following points.

                     i.            What tasks are to be performed?

                   ii.            Who will perform there tasks?

                  iii.            Who will report and to whom? 

3-  Leading 

It includes directing and motivating the employees and resolving their conflicts & selecting the most effective channels of communication

Leader

                     i.            Those who are able to influence to others and posses managerial authority are called leader.

                   ii.            Leaders are motivators.

                  iii.            Give direction to the employees.

                 iv.            Resolving the conflicts of employees

                   v.            Selects the most effective communication. 

4-Controlling

After setting and defining goals, formulating plans, hiring workers and training them, than after grouping the tasks etc if we can’t control all these, then how can we become successful in an achievement of our goals.

“Controlling means monitoring the activities to ensure that all of the work is done according to standards”.

Two most important functions of management are “Planning and Controlling”

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